Course Work S1"2011

To see more clear, click at picture above

DATE LINE

Please refer following dateline for your assessment:
1) Quiz - 12 FEBRUARY 2011
2) Submission Business Plan - ** APRIL 2011
4) Presentation: ** APRIL 2011

Lecture Slide Notes

Notes 1 -----> Click 1

Notes 2 -----> Click 2

Notes 3 -----> Click 3

Notes 4 -----> Click 4

NOTICE BOARD

DEAR STUDENTS,

As a new semester start up, we wish welcome to all of you and hopefully you are in condition of eager exploring knowledge in this S1'2011.


Technopreneurship is a university subject that bring and highlight our university vision and mission. For your information there is a few lecturer from General Studies Section teach this subject, there are:

•Mohd Hazli Mohd Rusli

•Mahfuz Abd Malek

•Rosnizza Ramlan (Subject Leader)

•Ainul Yusnita Yusop

•Suhaiza Ngah

Feel free to explore my notes from http://elearn.bmi.edu.my


THANKS

WBB10102 TEAM

Costing : Break even

 

REVENUE MODEL

Defining a revenue model for your new business is a necessity; it's the underpinning of success.

Defining a revenue model for your business will help you:

1. Stay focused on a niche and a target audience
2. Give you a foundation for your product or service development plans
3. Provide a foundation for your marketing plans
4. Begin a line of credit or get a loan
5. Raise capital

For example, Google offers targeted advertising solutions and global Internet search solutions. Its principal products and services. Therefore the revenue of Google is from "pay per click advertising program"

Pricing Strategy

There are many outside influences that affect profitability and a retailer's bottom line. Setting the right price is a crucial step toward achieving that profit. Retailers are in business to make a profit, but figuring out what and how to price products may not come easily.

Before we can determine which retail pricing strategy to use in setting the right price, we must know the costs associated with the products. Two key elements in factoring product cost is the cost of goods and the amount of operating expense.

The cost of goods includes the amount paid for the product, plus any shipping or handling expenses. The cost of operating the business, or operating expense, includes overhead, payroll, marketing and office supplies.

Regardless of the pricing strategy used, the retail price of the products should more than cover the cost of obtaining the goods plus the expenses related to operating the business. A retailer simply cannot succeed in business if they continue to sell their products below cost.

Retail Pricing Strategies

Now that we understand what our products actually cost, we should look at how our competition is pricing their products. Retailers will also need to examine their channels of distribution and research what the market is willing to pay.

Many pricing strategies exist and each is used based on particular a set of circumstances. Here are a few of the more popular pricing strategies to consider:

Mark-up Pricing

Markup on cost can be calculated by adding a pre-set (often industry standard) profit margin, or percentage, to the cost of the merchandise.

Markup on retail is determined by dividing the dollar markup by retail.

Be sure to keep the initial mark-up high enough to cover price reductions, discounts, shrinkage and other anticipated expenses, and still achieve a satisfactory profit. Retailers with a varied product selection can use different mark-ups on each product line.

Vendor Pricing

Manufacturer suggested retail price (MSRP) is a common strategy used by the smaller retail shops to avoid price wars and still maintain a decent profit. Some suppliers have minimum advertised prices but also suggest the retail pricing. By pricing products with the suggested retail prices supplied by the vendor, the retailer is out of the decision-making process. Another issue with using pre-set prices is that it doesn't allow a retailer to have an advantage over the competition.

Competitive Pricing

Consumers have many choices and are generally willing to shop around to receive the best price. Retailers considering a competitive pricing strategy will need to provide outstanding customer service to stand above the competition.

Pricing below competition simply means pricing products lower than the competitor's price. This strategy works well if the retailer negotiates the best prices, reduces costs and develops a marketing strategy to focus on price specials.

Prestige pricing, or pricing above competition, may be considered when location, exclusivity or unique customer service can justify higher prices. Retailers that stock high-quality merchandise that isn't available at any other location may be quite successful in pricing their products above competitors.

Psychological Pricing

Psychological pricing is used when prices are set to a certain level where the consumer perceives the price to be fair. The most common method is odd-pricing using figures that end in 5, 7 or 9. It is believed that consumers tend to round down a price of $9.95 to $9, rather than $10.

Other Pricing Strategies

Keystone pricing is not used as often as it once was. Doubling the cost paid for merchandise was once the rule of pricing products, but very few products these days allow a retailer to keystone the product price.

Multiple pricing is a method which involves selling more than one product for one price, such as three items for $1.00. Not only is this strategy great for markdowns or sales events, but retailers have noticed consumers tend to purchase in larger amounts where the multiple pricing strategy is used.

Discount pricing and price reductions are a natural part of retailing. Discounting can include coupons, rebates, seasonal prices and other promotional markdowns.

Merchandise priced below cost is referred to as loss leaders. Although retailers make no profit on these discounted items, the hope is consumers will purchase other products at higher margins during their visit to the store.

As you develop the best pricing model for your retail business, understand the ideal pricing strategy will depend on more than costs. It also depends on good pricing practices.

It is difficult to say which component of pricing is more important than another. Just keep in mind, the right product price is the price the consumer is willing to pay, while providing a profit to the retailer.